Although the retail market is still highly fragmented, large retail chains are developing through amalgamation. The leading retailer in China is now Bailian Group, which was formed by merging four Shanghai-based companies. Second in importance is the French-owned Carrefour supermarket chain.
Shopping malls are being developed at a rapid rate. In fact many city centres are now approaching saturation with too many retailers chasing too few customers. High rents are another problem. In the fourth quarter of 2002 the net rental for prime ground-floor retail space in Shanghai is reported to have averaged almost US$1,040 per m2 per annum. But as car ownership rises, the retail industry will have more flexibility in its choice of location. The development of retail centres outside the city centre is already gathering pace and offers scope for development.
Distribution remains a problem due to vast distances, poor infrastructure and state-control of the wholesale sector. But companies are starting to run their own distribution operations. Also, franchising represents an efficient solution in a country the size of China where distribution networks are costly. Other problems include contractbreaking, corruption, counterfeiting and government restrictions which prevent foreign retailers from operating wholly owned subsidiaries. But these problems are expected to diminish now that China has become a member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
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